1. Cough Suppressants (Antitussives): These ingredients, such as dextromethorphan (DXM), work to reduce the urge to cough by acting on the cough reflex in the brain.
2. Expectorants: Ingredients like guaifenesin are used to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to clear phlegm from the throat.
3. Decongestants: Some cough syrups contain decongestants like pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine, which help relieve nasal congestion by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages. These are often included in multi-symptom cold and cough formulations.
4. Antihistamines: Antihistamines like diphenhydramine or chlorpheniramine can be added to cough syrups to help alleviate allergy-related symptoms, such as sneezing and a runny nose.
5. Analgesics: Occasionally, cough syrups may contain mild pain relievers like acetaminophen to reduce fever and discomfort.
6. Alcohol: Some formulations may contain a small amount of alcohol as a solvent or preservative.

It’s important to read the label and follow the dosing instructions on the packaging carefully, as cough syrups can contain a combination of these ingredients, and taking too much can lead to side effects or interactions with other medications. Also, be aware of potential contraindications and consult a healthcare professional if you have underlying medical conditions or are taking other medications.

If you or someone you know is experiencing severe or persistent coughing, it’s advisable to seek medical advice, as there may be an underlying condition that requires specific treatment beyond over-the-counter cough syrup.

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